Cannabinoids
The science of CBN, CBG, CBDA and other cannabinoids: how they differ, and what current research says.
Cannabinoids
Does CBG Make You Sleepy? What's Actually on Record
The idea that cannabigerol brings on drowsiness is widely repeated, but the 2021 review by Nachnani and Barrett describes receptor sites rather than sensations in volunteers. The same thing happened to CBN, and Corroon traced it in 2021.
THCA vs THC: A Single Carboxyl Group Apart
One carboxyl group separates the acid form found in the plant from the neutral compound most people talk about. Here is what happens when it goes, and why two lab figures from one plant are not a contradiction.
Broad Spectrum CBD: What The Term Covers
Broad spectrum sits between full spectrum and isolate, and it's the one name on that list with no legal definition behind it. Here's what the term commits to, what research covers, and what our own range holds.
THCP: A Cannabinoid With Two Extra Carbons
Tetrahydrocannabiphorol turned up in an Italian medicinal cannabis variety in December 2019, in work led by Cinzia Citti [1]. Here is what that report actually records, and where our own range sits.
CBD Research: What the Human Data Covers
A calm look at what has actually been measured in cannabidiol studies, where the published record thins out, and what to check before you believe a claim.
Serotonin, 5-HT and the One Cannabinoid Link on Record
5-HT is not one receptor but at least seven families of them, each split into subtypes. Here is what that means for reading claims, and what the 2005 in vitro report on cannabidiol at 5-HT1a does and does not cover [1].
PEA and Anandamide: A Family Resemblance in Chemistry
Palmitoylethanolamide shares a chemical class and a clearance route with anandamide. Here is what that family resemblance settles, and what it deliberately leaves open.
The Endocannabinoid System in Six Papers, 1964 to 1995
The structure of THC was published in 1964, the first cannabinoid receptor in 1990, anandamide in 1992. Six reports, thirty-one years, and a name that runs backwards.
2016: What Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CECD) Actually Means
CECD is a testable idea about underactive endocannabinoid signalling, set out most clearly in a 2016 paper by Russo [1]. Here is what that paper names, and where the record stops.
Endocannabinoids: The Cannabinoids The Body Builds Itself
Anandamide in 1992, 2-AG in 1995: two named molecules, two clearing enzymes. A calm walk through what the cited papers put on record, and where the record stops.
CBD vs THC: Two Molecules, One Receptor, and the Family Around Them
Cannabidiol's structure dates to 1940, THC's to 1964, and the receptor that separates the two to 1990. Here is what each of those papers actually put on record, and what they leave open.
CBD and Drug Tests: The Molecule and the Trace
Screening chemistry has pointed at delta-9-THC and its breakdown products since 1964 [1]. Here is what a Cibdol batch certificate actually documents, and what no bottle can settle for you.
CBD Isolate: One Molecule, Nothing Else
Isolate is purified cannabidiol: one compound, one line on a lab report. Here's how it's produced, where a single molecule genuinely fits, and why our bottles are formulated another way.
Three CBD Extracts, One Batch Certificate
Full-spectrum, broad-spectrum and CBD isolate differ in what stays in the extract, not in how much CBD a 10% bottle holds. Here is how each one reads on a label and on a batch report.
Why is CBD so popular? Follow the dates
The rise of CBD has fixed points: 1940, 1990, and a decade of shifting hemp rules. Here is what each one records, and what it leaves open.
Synthetic Cannabinoids: What The Term Covers
Hemp's cannabinoids are a catalogued family with a chemical record behind each name. Lab-made compounds are a different story, and the difference is worth spelling out.
Five Major Cannabinoids: The Dates on the Record
Cannabinol was isolated in 1899, cannabidiol's structure was reported in 1940, and three of the five majors came out of a single research programme in the 1960s. Here is each date with the paper that carries it.
CBCA: Hemp's Third Acid From CBGA
Cannabichromenic acid sits one chemical step ahead of CBC. Here is where it comes from, what the enzymes do with the same raw material, and what leaves the molecule on the way to the neutral form.
Phytocannabinoids: The Cannabinoids Plants Build
Three groups share one family name, sorted by where each molecule was assembled. Here is what the plant side covers, where it begins in hemp, and how the body's own molecules ended up with the same surname.
Psychoactive cannabinoids: THC, CBD and the CB1 receptor
Two cannabinoids can look nearly identical on paper and behave nothing alike at the CB1 receptor. Here is what the 1940, 1964 and 1990 papers actually record, and what a batch report can tell you.
THC limits: which number applies where
0.3% decides which hemp varieties may be grown, not what a finished product may contain. Converted into mg/kg, the food, feed and cosmetic figures read very differently.
CBG and CBGA: Hemp's First Cannabinoid Acid
Cannabigerol starts as an acid that sits ahead of every other cannabinoid in the plant. Here is the chemistry behind that position, the reason mature hemp holds so little of it, and what a 5% reading on a 10ml bottle refers to.
THCV: Two Carbons Shorter Than THC
Two carbons separate THCV from THC, and decades of research separate what is known about each [1]. Here is the chemistry, the plant route, the quantities on record, and why there is no THCV bottle at Cibdol.
CBDV (Cannabidivarin): Two Carbons Shorter Than CBD
The V at the end of CBDV stands for two missing carbons. Here is the naming rule, the precursor split described in 1998, and how little of it hemp actually makes.
CBDA: the acid form hemp builds while it grows
Cannabidiolic acid sits upstream of the name most people know. Here is where it comes from, why the letter A is a convention rather than jargon, and how it is declared in our 2.0 full-spectrum formula.
CBGA: the reaction that starts hemp's cannabinoid series
One enzyme step, identified in 1998, produces the acid that every other cannabinoid in the plant is described against. Here is what the record holds, and where it thins out.
Cannabinol (CBN): The 1899 Compound on a Modern Label
Cannabinol was the first cannabinoid isolated from cannabis, in 1899, decades ahead of CBD and THC [1]. Here is the chemistry, the family it belongs to, and the two figures printed on a CBN bottle.
THC: One Molecule, One Receptor, One Number
The chemistry behind delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, from a hemp enzyme to the CB1 receptor. Plus the measured figure that appears on every Cibdol batch certificate.
CBC vs CBD: One Precursor, Two Roles
Cannabidiol and cannabichromene branch off the same precursor, yet only one has ever been sold as a single-cannabinoid oil. Here is the chemistry, the yield arithmetic and what ends up on the batch report.
CBC (Cannabichromene): One Branch of Hemp Chemistry
Cannabichromene sits on its own branch of hemp chemistry, built from the same acid precursor as the better-known cannabinoids [2]. Here is what the cited work covers, and where it stops.
CBG and CBD: Two Cannabinoids, One Hemp Plant
CBG sits early in hemp's chemistry, CBD accumulates later, and the gap between those two facts shows up in every label. Here is how the two compare, milligram by milligram.
The Cannabinoid Family, Molecule by Molecule
Plant cannabinoids, acid precursors and the body's own molecules, laid out as one map. With the 1998 and 2005 research that named the sequence.
Entourage Effect: What 1998 Recorded, What Stays Open
The term entered the literature in 1998, describing inactive fatty acid glycerol esters that boosted the activity of 2-AG. Here is what the cited work measured, and where the phrase gets stretched past it.
2-AG (2-Arachidonoylglycerol): The Body's Other Main Endocannabinoid
2-AG is a cannabinoid the body makes itself, first reported by two laboratories in 1995. Here is what the record actually holds: structure, receptor profile, and the enzyme that clears it.
Anandamide: the endocannabinoid named after ananda
Anandamide binds the cannabinoid receptor, is cleared by an enzyme, and was first isolated from brain tissue in 1992. Here is what the cited research shows, and where it stops.
The CB2 Receptor: 1993, Immune Tissue, Open Questions
CB2 was described in 1993 as a peripheral cannabinoid receptor, found in immune tissue [1]. Here is what the cited work records about its location, its vocabulary and the 2008 terpene entry, and where each of those records stops.
CB1 Receptor: The Protein Behind Cannabinoid Signalling
A cell-surface protein with one function: receive a signal, transmit it inward. Here is what the cited research on CB1 actually established, and where the open questions still sit.
Inside the Endocannabinoid System: Receptors, Ligands, Enzymes
Four papers between 1990 and 1995 named two receptors and two body-made ligands. Here is what each one established, which enzymes clear those ligands, and which parts of the map are still open.
THCA: The Acid Form Behind THC
In fresh plant material the cannabinoid is the acid: THCA. Heat and time convert it into THC, and the three studies usually cited for THCA measured cells and animal models, not people.
